From a New Testament standpoint, tongues appear primarily in Acts and 1 Corinthians, functioning as a sign associated with the initial expansion of the gospel to new covenantal groups. In Acts, tongues consistently mark threshold moments in redemptive history rather than routine Christian experience. Linguistically, the term γλῶσσαι refers to intelligible languages, not ecstatic utterance, and syntactically in Acts the phenomenon is outward-facing and confirmatory, not devotional or private. This already limits how the gift is defined.
Paul’s treatment in 1 Corinthians 12–14 places tongues within the category of charismata given for the edification of the body, but even there, the syntax and argumentation show that tongues are subordinate, regulated, and temporary in function. In 1 Corinthians 13, Paul explicitly contrasts gifts that are partial and provisional with what is teleion (complete or mature).
Cessationists argue that the grammar supports the view that revelatory gifts would cease once their purpose was fulfilled, while continuationists argue that “the perfect” refers to eschatological completion.
The text itself does not settle the debate definitively.
From a historical standpoint, this is where the argument sharpens. The post-apostolic church shows a marked decline in tongues. Church fathers such as Chrysostom and Augustine explicitly state that tongues belonged to the early church and were no longer present in their day. Importantly, they do not treat this as a tragedy or loss, but as a sign that the church had moved from foundation to stability. This strongly supports the claim that tongues were not a normal, continuous feature of church life after the apostolic era.
However, it is also true that claims of tongues do not disappear entirely in church history. They reappear sporadically, usually in marginal movements, revival contexts, or periods of intense religious upheaval. The question then becomes not “did tongues ever occur again,” but whether those occurrences are the same phenomenon described in Acts. Linguistically, historically, and functionally, they usually are not.
Theologically, cessationism does not argue that God is unable to give tongues today, but that He is not obligated to repeat a sign whose covenantal function has already been fulfilled. Continuationism argues that Scripture nowhere explicitly states a cutoff date and that the Spirit distributes gifts as He wills until the return of Christ. Both positions exist within orthodox Christianity, but they rest on different readings of purpose, not on denial of Scripture.
So the precise answer is this:
The apostolic sign-gift of tongues, as intelligible languages given to authenticate new phases of revelation, appears to have ceased with the apostolic age.
Claims of tongues after that point exist, but they are not demonstrably identical in nature, function, or purpose to those described in the New Testament.
2 cents.
J.