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Jesus is the Eternal Father but He is not God the Father!
The following verse is typically misused to refute the doctrine of the Trinity:
“For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given, and the government shall be upon his shoulder. And his name shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Eternal Father (Abi Ad), Prince of Peace.” Isaiah 9:6 Modern English Version (MEV)
Oneness modalist heretics use this passage to prove that Jesus is the human manifestation of God the Father since this prophecy explicitly calls the Messiah the Eternal Father. Muslims, on the other hand, employ this text to show that this cannot be a prophecy of the Messiah since Trinitarians do not believe that Jesus is God the Father, and therefore cannot appeal to it as a prooftext for Christ’s divinity.
The problem with both of these objections lies in their understanding of the particular Hebrew phrase in question. The literal rendering of the expression Abi Ad is “Father of Eternity/Everlastingness,” just as we find in the following English versions:
“… and he will be given the name Pele-Yo‘etz El Gibbor Avi-‘Ad Sar-Shalom [Wonder of a Counselor, Mighty God, Father of Eternity, Prince of Peace],” Complete Jewish Bible (CJB)
“… and his name is called Wonderful, Counsellor, Mighty God, Father of Eternity, Prince of Peace.” DARBY
To better understand what this expression means in reference to the Messiah it would be helpful to see how the word Ad is employed elsewhere in Isaiah:
“For thus says the High and Lofty One (ram wa’nissa) who inhabits eternity (shoken ad), whose name is Holy: I dwell in the high and holy place and also with him who is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones.” Isaiah 57:15 MEV(1)
In this text, Yahweh is said to inhabit or dwell in eternity, which is simply another way of saying that Yahweh is eternal by nature. And because he is eternal, Yahweh lives forever and ever. This understanding of the term is reflected in the following translations:
“For the High and Exalted One, who lives forever…” Christian Standard Bible (CSB)
“The one who is high and lifted up, who lives forever…” Common English Bible (CEB)
“For thus says the High, Exalted One who lives forever…” CJB
“Our holy God lives forever in the highest heavens…” Contemporary English Version (CEV)
“God is high and lifted up. He lives forever…” Easy-To-Read Version (ERV)
“And this is the reason: God lives forever and is holy. He is high and lifted up [exalted]…” Expanded Bible (EXB)
“The High and Lofty One lives forever…” GOD’S Word Translation (GW)
“I am the high and holy God, who lives forever…” Good News Translation (GNW)
“God lives forever and is holy…” International Children’s Bible (ICB)
“For thus says the high and lofty one who resides forever…” Lexham English Bible (LEB)
“The High and Lofty One lives forever…” Names of God Bible (NOG)
“For thus says the high and lofty One, the One who dwells forever…” New American Bible Revised Edition (NABRE)
“For thus says the high and exalted One Who lives forever…” New American Standard Version (NASB)
“And this is the reason: God lives forever…” New Century Version (NCV)
“For this is what the high and exalted one says, the one who rules forever…” New English Translation (NET)
“The God who is highly honored lives forever…” New International Reader’s Version (NIRV)
“For this is what the high and exalted One says— he who lives forever…” NIV (New International Version)
“for thus says the High and Exalted One who lives eternally…” New Jerusalem Bible (NJB)
“For the high and honored One Who lives forever…” New Life Version (NLV)
“For this is what the High and Lofty One says, Who lives forever…” New World Translation (NWT)
“For thus saith the High and Exalted, Shokhen Ad (the One Who abideth forever, i.e., the Shekhinah)…” Orthodox Jewish Bible (OJB)
“For the Lord high, and enhanced, saith these things, that dwelleth in everlastingness…” Wycliffe (WYC)
With the foregoing in perspective, we can now better appreciate the point of the Messiah being the Father of Eternity/Everlastingness.
Since the Hebrew term for father can mean source/possessor/originator/author/progenitor etc., as any lexical source will easily confirm (Strong's Hebrew: 1. אָב (ab) -- father, fathers, father'szzz), this expression, therefore, conveys the fact that the Messiah is the possessor and source of eternity/everlastingness. Note how the following versions render the phrase:
“For unto us a yeled is born, unto us ben is given; and the misrah (dominion) shall be upon his shoulder; and Shmo shall be called Peleh (Wonderful), Yoetz (Counsellor), El Gibbor (Mighty G-d), Avi Ad (Possessor of Eternity), Sar Shalom (Prince of Peace).” OJB
“… His Name will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God My Father of Eternity, Prince of Peace.” Tree of Life Version (TLV)
“… And He doth call his name Wonderful, Counsellor, Mighty God, Father of Eternity, Prince of Peace.” Young’s Literal Translation (YLT)
As such, the title is meant to convey the point of the Messiah being the One from whom eternity or everlasting life originates since he himself is Life and the Source of eternal life, which is precisely what the NT teaches about Christ:-----
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Shalom.
Johann.