What does Calvinism say on this matter?
TULIP framework
Calvinism’s Total depravity posits that the Fall renders humanity utterly incapable of responding to God without prior regeneration as the will is enslaved to sin, devoid of any capacity for good. Orthodoxy acknowledges that Fall’s catastrophic effects including death and passions, but insists that the imago Dei remains intact, preserving free-will. St.Irenaeus teaches that humanity, though wounded, retains the capacity to cooperate with divine grace as the representation enables faith and repentance. Eph 2:8-10 presumes a human response, not a coerced regeneration. St.Gregory of Nyssa further clarifies that the Fall distorts but does not annihilate human freedom, allowing synergy with God’s energies.
Calvinism’s Total Depravity evacutes the imago Dei of its ontological significane, reducing humans to passive vessels of divine will, is a big theological blunder from Calvin. This undermines the love of humanity of God, who created humans for communion, not determinism.
THe Primacy of Autexousion
Orthodox theology, grounded in the teachings of the Cappadocian Fathers and the Ecumenical Councils, affirms the inalienable freedom of the human will. St.Gregory of Nyssa in his On the Making of Man, argues that humanity created according to the image, possesses an intrinsic capacity for self-determination, which is essential to the process of theosis. This freedom is not an autonomous rebellion against God, but a synergistic cooperation with divine grace.The Orthodox view holds that God’s foreknowledge of human actions doesnt negate human responsibility as divine omniscience operates outside the constraints of temporal causality.
In contrast, Calvinism’s denial of free will reduces humanity to a mere automaton, stripping away the dignity of the divine image. The Orthodox Critique, as articulated by St.Maximus the Confessor in his Disputation with Pyrrhus emphasises that human freedom is a reflection of the divine will’s freedom. Maximus distinguishes between the natural will which seeks the good, and the gnomic will, which deliberates in the context of sin.
Calvinism’s monergistic view contradicts the Chalcedonian affirmation of Christ’s two wills (dyothelitism,) which presupposes human freedom as integral to salvation. I think Calvin forgot abt it. (I dont accept even a single bit of monergism, monerigsm followed by synergism is also wrong, because:
If Christ has two wills, and one is human, then real human freedom is necessary for salvation. Monergism undercuts this
This is the primary reason, why monergism doesnt work in the first place.)
Double Predestination
Calvinist double predestination posits that God’s eternal decree determines both salvation and damnation, independent of human response. This view is logically incoherent. If God predestines some to damnation without regard for their actions, then doesn’t divine justice become arbitrary, and God’s love, which St.John the Theologian declares as God’s essence in 1 John 4:8, is rendered selective and exclusionary. What was Calvin thinking about? i have no idea. St.Irenaeus of Lyons in Against Heresies refutes such heresies like Calvin puts forward, i.e. determinism, arguing that God’s economy invites all to salvation through free participation in Christ’s recapitulation.
The Calvinist notion of limited atonement, that Christ’s sacrifice is efficacious only from the elect, further exacerbates this incoherence. Why are people even accepting this? The Orthodox Liturgy affirms that Christ’s death is “for the life of the world”. The universal scope of atonement, coupled with human freedom to accept or reject it, preserves the integrity of divine love and human responsibility.
Irresistible Grace
Calvinism’s doctrine of irresistible grace asserts that God’s grace unilaterally compels the elect to salvation, overriding human will. This one part, Irresistible Grace, is why I never get along with Calvinism. This negates the Orthodox principle of synergeia where divine grace and human freedom cooperate. St.John Chrysostom, in his Homilies on Romans, interprets Romans 8:28-30 as indicating that God’s calling is universal, but human response determines its efficacy. Grace, in Orthodoxy theology, is not a coercive force but an enabling presence, as seen in the parable of the Prodigal Son, where the father’s love awaits the son’s free return.
The parable of Prodigal Son itself destroys Calvinism’s Irresistible grace, still many Calvinist say that their views are aligned with scriptures.
The Calvinist view also fails to account for the eschatological dimension of salvation. In Orthodoxy, salvation is NOT A STATIC DECREE BUT A DYNAMIC PROCESS OF THEOSIS, where humans grow in likeness to God through participation in the divine energies. St. Athanasius’s maxim “God became man so that man might become god” encapsulates this transformative synergy which Calvinism’s monergism cannot accommodate.
The main problem
Calvinism says its respects the mysteries but it doesnt. If u look into Orthodox, it respects the mysteries like St.Gregory Palamas in his Triads, defends the distinction between God’s essence and energies, allowing human participation in divine life, without compromising divine transcendence.
Calvinism’s failure to distinguish between divine foreknowledge and causation collapses the apophatic mystery of God, reducing divine-human interaction to a deterministic framework.