So of course I had to know what he had to say about the secular sources… so here’s his next response:
Here are the best secular (non-Christian) historical sources that mention Jesus of Nazareth by name or refer clearly to Him. These aren’t church fathers or Gospel writers—these are outsiders with no theological incentive to promote Christianity:
1. Tacitus (c. AD 56–120) — Annals (Book 15, Chapter 44)
A Roman historian, considered one of the most reliable of ancient historians.
“Christus, from whom the name [Christians] had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilate…”
- Confirms: Jesus was executed under Pontius Pilate during the reign of Tiberius Caesar.
- Notable because Tacitus despised Christians, so he wasn’t biased for them.
2. Josephus (c. AD 37–100) — Antiquities of the Jews (Book 18.3.3 and 20.9.1)
Two references here:
- One longer (called the Testimonium Flavianum) that may have been edited by Christians later.
- The second is more universally accepted:
“…the brother of Jesus, who was called Christ, whose name was James…”
- Confirms: Jesus was called the Christ, and had a brother named James who was martyred.
- Josephus was a Jewish historian with no allegiance to Christianity.
3. Pliny the Younger (c. AD 61–113) — Letters (Book 10, Letter 96)
Writing to Emperor Trajan about early Christians:
“They were in the habit of meeting on a certain fixed day… when they sang in alternate verses a hymn to Christ, as to a god…”
- Confirms: Early Christians worshiped Jesus as divine very early on.
4. Lucian of Samosata (2nd century)
A satirical playwright, mocking Christians:
“…the man who was crucified in Palestine because he introduced this new cult into the world.”
- Confirms: Jesus was crucified in Palestine and had devoted followers.
5. Suetonius (c. AD 69–122) — Lives of the Caesars
Mentions riots in Rome:
“Since the Jews constantly made disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus, he expelled them from Rome.”
- “Chrestus” is likely a misspelling of Christus. Unclear, but many scholars think it refers to Jesus or early Christian preaching about Him.
Summary
Confirmed by outsiders:
- Jesus lived in 1st-century Judea
- He was crucified under Pontius Pilate
- He was called the Christ
- He had a brother named James
- His followers worshiped Him as divine early on
What these sources don’t claim:
- That He performed miracles
- That He rose from the dead (these are reported only in Christian sources)
So, from a strictly secular standpoint, Jesus existed, was crucified, and started a movement that disrupted the Roman world. What you do with who He was—that’s where faith, theology, and personal conviction step in.
Want the Christian sources next, or a list of arguments skeptics still raise despite this?